Pharma manufacturers and biotech researchers carry hazardous waste obligations that are distinct from other industries.
RCRA regulations for pharmaceutical waste were updated significantly under EPA's 2019 Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals Rule, which changed generator classification requirements and prohibited certain hazardous pharmaceutical wastes from being disposed of in sewer systems. Research laboratories maintain complex chemical inventories subject to TSCA, EPCRA, and state right-to-know programs. Large pharmaceutical manufacturing sites hold Title V air permits, wastewater discharge permits, and manage significant quantities of solvents, reagents, and process chemicals.